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Wireless LAN (WLAN) is a wireless broadband technology that utilizes radio frequency (RF) to transmit and receive data through the air, minimizing the need for wired networks.

There are two competing RF technologies in the use of Wireless LA

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

N, the IEEE 802.11 standard and proprietary technologies. Both fall under wireless broadband technology. Broadband means the ability to transmit high-speed voice, data and video traffic using a wide range of frequencies on a single wireless m

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

dium or device.

This page aims to give you an overview about Wireless Broadband -IEEE 802.11 standard commonly called Wireless LAN. 802.11 is a standard agreed by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.) the world's

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

leading professional association for the advancement of technology. 802.11 is the standard adopted by IEEE to define an over the air interface between a wireless client and base station or between two wireless clients.

The 802.11 standard h

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

s evolved over the years and became one of the most successfully deployed technologies. The standard now covers 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g systems.

Radio Frequency (RF) is the medium use by wireless networks in the transmission of informat

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

on over the air. RF works by converting electrical current into radio waves and transmit those waves over the air using a defined frequency of the radio spectrum. An example, the AM and FM radios two most commonly known uses of the RF spectru

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

m.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is the one administering the use of radio spectrum between the frequencies of 9 Kilohertz (KHz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). 802.11 WLAN systems operate in the radio spectrum available to the public

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

also known as the unlicensed frequency band. These radio spectrum bands are unlicensed, free for use by anyone provided FCC regulations are complied with.

The FCC as a regulatory governs the maximum transmit power of wireless radios as well

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

as, type of encoding and frequency modulations to be used. In 802.11 operations, it is provided for by the FCC that non-licensed radios (such as 802.11) must accept interference from licensed electronic systems. FCC considers licensed device

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

as the primary equipment.

802.11 Wireless LAN Standard Operating Frequencies: The 802.11 standard are assigned frequencies 2.4 GHz (2.4-2.4835 GHz) on ISM Band and 5 GHz (5.15-5.25 GHz, G.25-5.35 GHz, 5.725-5.825 GHz) of the U-NII band. 802

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

11b and 802.11g operates on 2.4 GHz while 802.11a is operating on the 5 GHz band.

802.11 assigned frequency range has different characteristics. Lower Frequencies (2.4 GHz ) exhibit better range but with limited bandwidth and lower data rate

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

. Higher Frequencies (5 GHz) have less range but higher data rates but is prone to blocking by solid objects.

These are attributable to attenuation and interference. Attenuation or the loss of signal strength during transmission is higher wh

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

en the receiver is farther from the transmitter. Obstacles such as mountains and buildings also contribute to attenuation by blocking or weakening radio signals, causing signal loss or dead spots. Depending of what they are made of, floors, w

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

lls, and ceilings can either strengthen or weaken WLAN signals. Interference can be caused by nearby stations operating in the same frequency on the same channel. 2.4 GHz cordless phones for instance can cause great interference on 802.11b wi

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

eless networks.

Wireless broadband and WLAN devices are called transceiver devices since it both transmit and receive at the same time. Each component both transmits and receives IP traffic. Antennas direct RF power into the air over a cover

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

age area. An Antenna provides wireless LAN devices gain, direction and polarization. Gain is the measure of increase in power while direction is the shape of the transmission pattern. Polarization is dependent on antenna alignment and can be

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

ypically described as vertical or horizontal. Most Access Point antennas are designed to operate in vertical pattern for maximum horizontal coverage plane or polarization. Putting the antenna in a horizontal position will result in a vertical

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

plane limiting coverage.

The factor to consider in increasing the range of Wireless LAN devices is the Antenna and EIRP. EIRP or Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power is being governed or limited by FCC regulations to a maximum of Four (4)

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

watts with additional restrictions/limitations depending on type of antenna (directional or omni-directional) and antenna placement (indoor or outdoors). Some countries limit EIRP to as much as 100mw, above this will require a license to ope

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

ate. This applies mostly for outdoor WLAN equipments.

To deploy long-range outdoor wireless broadband and WLAN devices, please consult your country’s telecommunication commission guidelines on use of outdoor wireless broadband (WLAN) devices

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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